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InBioactive components of human milk pp. Springer, Boston, MA. Volume and frequency of breastfeedings and fat content of breast milk throughout the day. Introduction of solid food to young infants. Matern child health J. When milk is removed less often or not enough is removed, the breasts get the signal to slow milk production and make less.
To fully empty the breast, a baby must have a good latch. A baby must latch deeply onto the breast and use the structures in his or her mouth to create intermittent suction, compress the breast with his or her mouth, and swallow. When your baby does this, your body will respond to the signal by releasing the hormone oxytocin.
This leads to the release of larger volumes of milk—a process known as milk "let down. You can use milk expression to fully empty your breasts, if your baby cannot or you are separated from him or her. You can express milk by hand by compressing the breast tissue with your hands. You can also express milk with a breast pump.
Although hormonal problems can still interfere with milk supply, hormonal levels play a much lesser role in established lactation. Under normal circumstances, the breasts will continue to make milk indefinitely as long as milk removal continues. Thus milk production slows when milk accumulates in the breast and more FIL is present , and speeds up when the breast is emptier and less FIL is present. The hormone prolactin must be present for milk synthesis to occur.
On the walls of the lactocytes milk-producing cells of the alveoli are prolactin receptor sites that allow the prolactin in the blood stream to move into the lactocytes and stimulate the synthesis of breastmilk components. As milk empties from the alveolus, increasing numbers of prolactin receptors return to their normal shape and allow prolactin to pass through — thus rate of milk synthesis increases.
The prolactin receptor theory suggests that frequent milk removal in the early weeks will increase the number of receptor sites. More receptor sites means that more prolactin can pass into the lactocytes and thus milk production capability would be increased.
Both of the above factors support research findings that tell us:. Earlier researchers observed that milk volume is typically greater in the morning hours a good time to pump if you need to store milk , and falls gradually as the day progresses. Fat content tends to increase as the day progresses Hurgoiu V, These observations are consistent with current research if we assume the researchers were observing babies with a fairly typical nursing pattern, where baby has a longer sleep period at night and gradually decreases the amount of time between nursing as the day progresses.
Storage capacity is the amount of milk that the breast can store between feedings. This can vary widely from mom to mom and also between breasts for the same mom. Storage capacity is not determined by breast size, although breast size can certainly limit the amount of milk that can be stored.
Moms with large or small storage capacities can produce plenty of milk for baby. Milk is being produced at all times, with speed of production depending upon how empty the breast is.
The more milk in the breast, the slower the speed of milk production. To speed milk synthesis and increase daily milk production, the key is to remove more milk from the breast and to do this quickly and frequently, so that less milk accumulates in the breast between feedings:. In practice, this means that a mother who wishes to increase milk supply should aim to keep the breasts as empty as possible throughout the day.
Mothers who are working to remedy oversupply usually need to decrease supply without decreasing overall nursing frequency or weaning baby. Frequently Asked Questions about Milk Production. Anatomy of the human breast. Note: the graphics above are copyrighted.
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