It is even possible that some as yet untested native spider is the cause of serious necrotic wounds. For example, circumstancial evidence in one case implicated Ctenus captiosus Gertsch Edwards , a wandering spider, as a cause of a necrotic bite, although a recent assay of the venom of this species did not find sphingomyelinase D Dr. Bodner, personal communication, The expression of Lyme disease can give the classic 'bull's-eye' patterning characteristic of brown recluse bite. Although Lyme disease is rare in Florida, it does exist and would be a more probable diagnosis than brown recluse bite.
Misdiagnosis in this case could be serious since Lyme disease can be treated and cured with common antibiotics. If diagnosed as 'brown recluse bite' instead, it will obviously be treated as such; the Lyme disease then may progress to serious symptoms of heart and central nervous system disorders, and can result in death. In treating alleged spider bite victims, a question that medical personnel should be asking is whether the patient has recently traveled outside the area where they live.
They should also attempt to be aware of potentially embarrassing etiological agents such as filthy lifestyle habits squalid conditions that might encourage vermin such as bed bugs or unhygienic use of drug paraphernalia Vetter Anderson made perhaps the most appropriate comment concerning spider bites, "In general, spiders attempt to avoid people. People should accommodate them. Vetter, University of California, Riverside, reviewed the manuscript and contributed valuable discussions about brown recluse distribution and bites.
Description Back to Top The description is taken from Gertsch Biology Back to Top Hite et al. Bites and Bite Symptoms Back to Top Brown recluse spiders usually bite only when they become trapped next to the victim's skin. Medical Analysis Back to Top The following technical analysis is condensed from the medical literature.
This list includes most of the following conditions: Tick-induced: tick bites and tick-borne diseases, such as erythema chronicum migrans Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Viral: chronic herpes simplex, infected herpes simplex, herpes zoster shingles ; Bacterial: Gonococcal G. Postscript Anderson made perhaps the most appropriate comment concerning spider bites, "In general, spiders attempt to avoid people.
Necrotizing spider bites. American Family Practitioner Anderson PC. Missouri brown recluse spider: a review and update. Missouri Medicine Banks N. The Arachnida of Florida. Proceedings, Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia Dominquez TJ.
It's not a spider bite, it's community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice Edwards GB. The giant crab spider, Heteropoda venatoria Linnaeus Araneae: Sparassidae.
The southern house spider, Filistata hibernalis Hentz Araneae: Filistatidae. The Florida false wolf spider, Ctenus captiosus Araneae: Ctenidae. Pest Alert. Venomous Spiders in Florida. Gertsch WJ. American Museum Novitates Gertsch WJ, Ennik F. Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History Gertsch WJ, Mulaik S. The spiders of Texas. Gorham JR. The brown recluse spider Loxosceles reclusa and necrotic spiderbite - A new public health problem in the United States.
Journal of Environmental Health 31, 8 pp. The brown recluse. Hite JM. Biology of the brown recluse spider. Loft K. BayLife, Tampa Tribune, May 22, Management of brown recluse spider bite. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vetter RS. Causes of necrotic wounds other than brown recluse spider bites. Brown recluse spiders do not wait for their food to come to them like many other spider species; they actively hunt down their food. Yes, brown recluse spiders are dangerous.
Though they are not aggressive and only bite if directly handled or threatened, a brown recluse spider bite needs to be taken seriously and requires medical attention. Symptoms of a brown recluse bite include:.
After a few days, the skin around the bite begins to ulcerate and may take weeks or months to heal. The wound is very prone to infection, and the bite can result in a possibly disfiguring scar. Most are harmless, and many are beneficial given they prey upon other nuisance insects, like mosquitos or flies.
One spider found in Kentucky and much of the Midwest that is potentially dangerous is the brown recluse. Although brown recluse spider bites are rare, the venom can sometimes cause serious wounds and infestations should be taken seriously.
The brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa , is found throughout the south central and Midwestern United States. Infestations in Kentucky are more common as one travels westward. Other species of Loxosceles spiders occur in the southwestern U. Recluse spiders are rare outside their native range. In general, these spiders are widely over-reported and less common than perceived.
Occasionally, one or a few spiders may be transported to a non-native area in boxes or furnishings, but infestations seldom become established. Though variable in size, adult brown recluse spiders with legs extended are about the size of a U.
Coloration ranges from tan to dark brown, and the abdomen and legs are uniformly- colored with no stripes, bands or mottling. The legs are long and thin and lack conspicuous spines. For laypersons, the most distinguishing feature of a brown recluse is a dark violin-shaped mark on its back, with the neck of the violin pointing toward the rear abdomen of the spider.
This feature is consistent in adult brown recluses, but sometimes less obvious in younger spiders. A more definitive diagnostic feature is the eye pattern -- brown recluses have a semi-circular arrangement of six eyes three groups of two while most other spiders have 8 eyes. Seeing this feature requires a good quality hand lens. Many harmless brown spiders are mistaken for the brown recluse, so it is prudent to have specimens confirmed by an entomologist or knowledgeable pest control firm.
In nature, brown recluse spiders live outdoors under rocks, logs, woodpiles and debris. The spider is also well adapted to living indoors with humans. They are resilient enough to withstand winters in unheated basements and stifling summer temperatures in attics, persisting many months without food or water.
The brown recluse hunts at night seeking insect prey, either alive or dead. It does not employ a web to capture food — suspended webs strung along walls, corners, ceilings, outdoor vegetation, and in other exposed areas are almost always associated with other types of spiders.
In homes, such webs are often produced by harmless cobweb or cellar spiders. While sometimes considered a nuisance, spiders like the cobweb or cellar varieties prey upon other pests including brown recluses , and in this sense could be considered beneficial. During daylight hours, brown recluse spiders typically retreat to dark, secluded areas. They often line their daytime retreats with irregular webbing, which is used to form their egg sacs.
Adult female recluses seldom venture far from their retreat, whereas males and older juveniles are more mobile and tend to travel farther.
Consequently, they are more likely to wander into shoes, clothing or bedding at night and bite people when they inadvertently become trapped against the skin. At times, brown recluse spiders will be seen during daylight hours crawling on floors, walls and other exposed surfaces. In the area of the famous Pietra di Bismantova, a lady with a complicated past clinical situation was bitten and suffered, alas, all the effects of cellular necrosis that induces the enzyme contained in its poison, sphingomyelinase D.
Wanting to summarize, the Italian species, Loxosceles rufescens, with his own bite is able to engage a process known as loxoscelism, which causes necrosis of tissues, including muscles. And as it is not particularly painful, it is often mistaken by the victims for an insect bite, such as the mosquito or the bee. There is in fact an antidote, which however has a greater chance of effect as soon as it is administered. The WHO warns the country. Hand and wrist sprains and fractures: the most common causes and what to do.
Weather pain and time change: the effects on the mood.
0コメント